National Data | Chart | Immigration Stunting, Not Stimulating, Innovation?

By Edwin S. Rubenstein

05/09/2006

Table 1:

U.S. Patents Granted by Country of Origin of Inventor, 1990-2003

Total

U.S. Origin

% U.S. Origin

Pre 1990

1,815,531

1,182,124

62.4%

1990

90,365

47,391

52.4%

1991

96,511

51,177

53.0%

1992

97,444

52,253

53.6%

1993

98,342

53,231

54.1%

1994

101,676

56,066

55.1%

1995

101,419

55,739

55.0%

1996

109,645

61,104

55.7%

1997

111,984

61,708

55.1%

1998

147,518

80,289

54.4%

1999

153,486

83,906

54.7%

2000

157,494

85,068

54.0%

2001

166,047

87,605

52.8%

2002

167,333

86,972

52.0%

2003

169,028

87,901

52.0%

Source: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, Appendix Table 6-12. (Percents calculated by author.)

Table 2:

Major Patents, by residence of inventor, 1985-2000

Thousands

% of Total

Year

Total

U.S.

EU

Japan

Total

U.S.

EU

Japan

1985

22.88

7.82

8.39

5.26

100.0%

34.2%

36.7%

23.0%

1986

24.51

8.14

8.98

5.94

100.0%

33.2%

36.6%

24.3%

1987

28.18

9.09

9.82

7.56

100.0%

32.3%

34.8%

26.8%

1988

30.68

10.08

10.28

8.66

100.0%

32.9%

33.5%

28.2%

1989

33.19

10.91

10.58

9.96

100.0%

32.9%

31.9%

30.0%

1990

32.73

11.17

9.94

9.93

100.0%

34.1%

30.4%

30.3%

1991

29.92

10.22

9.12

8.90

100.0%

34.1%

30.5%

29.7%

1992

29.91

10.57

9.42

8.17

100.0%

35.3%

31.5%

27.3%

1993

30.63

10.53

11.64

8.46

100.0%

34.4%

38.0%

27.6%

1994

32.08

11.10

10.75

8.21

100.0%

34.6%

33.5%

25.6%

1995

35.50

12.31

11.49

9.43

100.0%

34.7%

32.4%

26.6%

1996

40.44

14.73

12.67

10.58

100.0%

36.4%

31.3%

26.1%

1997

42.10

14.76

13.28

11.21

100.0%

35.1%

31.6%

26.6%

1998

43.15

14.81

14.00

11.20

100.0%

34.3%

32.5%

25.9%

1999

43.64

15.08

13.63

11.73

100.0%

34.6%

31.2%

26.9%

2000

43.66

14.99

13.70

11.76

100.0%

34.3%

31.4%

26.9%

avg., 1985-2000

33.95

11.64

11.11

9.18

100.0%

34.3%

32.7%

27.0%

Note: Major patents are those for which patent protection is sought in all three major markets: the U.S., Europe, and Japan.

Percents calculated by author.

Source: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators 2006,Source data for Figure 6-28.

Edwin S. Rubenstein is President of ESR Research Economic Consultants in Indianapolis.

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