By Steve Sailer
02/24/2021
From a 2020 paper in the Quarterly Journal of Economics by Raj Chetty on college admissions to Ivy League colleges (plus Stanford, MIT, Chicago, Duke). It features Chetty’s usual immense sample sizes from theoretically secret data sources (IRS, Census, testing agencies, etc.) that nobody had the chutzpah before to think that they could data mine:
Income Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility Across Colleges in the United States
Chetty et al write:
The impacts of income-neutral allocations at the most selective colleges differ from those in the broader population. At Ivy-Plus colleges, the fraction of students from the bottom quintile remains essentially unchanged under income-neutral allocations in absolute terms (rising from 3.8% to 4.4%), but the fraction of students from the middle class (the second, third, and fourth income quintiles) rises sharply, from 27.8% to 37.9%, as shown in Table VI. Figure V, Panel A shows why we see the biggest effects on the representation of the middle class by plotting the parental income distribution of high SAT/ACT (≥1300) scorers alongside the parental income distribution of actual Ivy-Plus enrollees. Children from the bottom-quintile are represented at nearly the same rate as one would expect given their test scores; children from the middle class are underrepresented at these colleges; and those from the top quintile are overrepresented.
Figure V, Panel B presents a more granular depiction of the degree of over/underrepresentation by parental income. It plots the share of students with an SAT/ACT score of 1400 — the modal and median test score among actual Ivy-Plus students — who attend an Ivy-Plus college. Rather than a flat line, which would have indicated that 1400-scorers from each parent income bin attend an Ivy-Plus college at the same rate, we observe an asymmetric U-shape, with higher attendance rates in the tails. In particular, 1400-scorers with parents from the top and bottom quintiles attend Ivy-Plus colleges at 2.4 and 1.6 times the rate of middle-quintile children with comparable test scores, respectively. We find similar patterns at other test score levels; see Online Appendix Table XII.
Here is some more data from Chetty that I’ve manipulated.
Here are the highest paid alumni in terms of median income in their early thirties. The top of the list tend to be 6-year pharmaceutical programs so I’m not sure they should be counted as undergrad:
| name | par_median | k_median | Kid/Parent median |
| Saint Louis College Of Pharmacy | $92,500 | $123,600 | 133.6% |
| Albany College Of Pharmacy And Health Sciences | $95,800 | $115,800 | 120.9% |
| MCPHS University | $83,300 | $112,700 | 135.3% |
| University Of The Sciences In Philadelphia | $95,300 | $102,700 | 107.8% |
| Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | $141,000 | $98,500 | 69.9% |
| Babson College | $140,500 | $95,300 | 67.8% |
| Stevens Institute Of Technology | $96,000 | $92,100 | 95.9% |
| University Of Pennsylvania | $175,300 | $91,800 | 52.4% |
| Princeton University | $218,100 | $90,700 | 41.6% |
| SUNY Maritime College | $103,800 | $90,500 | 87.2% |
| Duke University | $196,000 | $87,500 | 44.6% |
| California Maritime Academy | $113,100 | $85,800 | 75.9% |
| Kettering University | $100,100 | $85,400 | 85.3% |
| Worcester Polytechnic Institute | $109,500 | $85,200 | 77.8% |
| Stanford University | $172,600 | $84,800 | 49.1% |
| Massachusetts Maritime Academy | $105,300 | $84,800 | 80.5% |
| Georgetown University | $195,100 | $84,400 | 43.3% |
| Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | $114,200 | $84,100 | 73.6% |
| Rose — Hulman Institute Of Technology | $109,500 | $83,600 | 76.3% |
| California Institute Of Technology | $124,500 | $83,000 | 66.7% |
| Harvey Mudd College | $139,800 | $82,400 | 58.9% |
| Harvard University | $174,000 | $81,500 | 46.8% |
| Colorado School Of Mines | $111,500 | $81,500 | 73.1% |
| Lehigh University | $138,300 | $81,200 | 58.7% |
| Cornell University | $143,300 | $79,800 | 55.7% |
| Bentley University | $119,600 | $79,800 | 66.7% |
| Georgia Institute Of Technology | $126,000 | $78,900 | 62.6% |
| University Of Notre Dame | $165,400 | $78,800 | 47.6% |
| Carnegie Mellon University | $134,400 | $78,400 | 58.3% |
| Villanova University | $159,900 | $78,300 | 49.0% |
| Washington And Lee University | $226,700 | $78,200 | 34.5% |
| Rice University | $149,200 | $76,700 | 51.4% |
| Dartmouth College | $185,500 | $76,600 | 41.3% |
| Yale University | $199,700 | $76,000 | 38.1% |
| Digipen Institute Of Technology | $95,200 | $76,000 | 79.8% |
| Maine Maritime Academy | $85,300 | $75,900 | 89.0% |
| Columbia University In The City Of New York | $169,600 | $75,300 | 44.4% |
| Lafayette College | $156,700 | $75,300 | 48.1% |
| Johns Hopkins University | $142,300 | $75,000 | 52.7% |
| Case Western Reserve University | $118,200 | $73,400 | 62.1% |
| Bryant University | $116,900 | $73,300 | 62.7% |
| Clarkson University | $94,600 | $73,300 | 77.5% |
| Tufts University | $187,900 | $73,100 | 38.9% |
| Vanderbilt University | $197,900 | $72,800 | 36.8% |
| Milwaukee School Of Engineering | $91,700 | $72,700 | 79.3% |
| Northwestern University | $168,500 | $72,600 | 43.1% |
| Santa Clara University | $149,900 | $72,500 | 48.4% |
| Illinois Institute Of Technology | $91,600 | $72,300 | 78.9% |
| College Of The Holy Cross | $157,000 | $71,900 | 45.8% |
| Boston College | $168,400 | $71,800 | 42.6% |
These are the 50 most Rich Kid Colleges (i.e., parents of students have the highest median annual incomes) sorted by the ratio of kid’s median income during early 30s divided by parents’ median income: e.g., among rich kid colleges, the University of Pennsylvania (with its strong on business) is the only one where the average kid earns over half as much as the average parent.
| name | par_median | k_median | Kid/Parent median |
| University Of Pennsylvania | $175,300 | $91,800 | 52.4% |
| Stanford University | $172,600 | $84,800 | 49.1% |
| Villanova University | $159,900 | $78,300 | 49.0% |
| Lafayette College | $156,700 | $75,300 | 48.1% |
| University Of Notre Dame | $165,400 | $78,800 | 47.6% |
| Harvard University | $174,000 | $81,500 | 46.8% |
| College Of The Holy Cross | $157,000 | $71,900 | 45.8% |
| Duke University | $196,000 | $87,500 | 44.6% |
| Columbia University In The City Of New York | $169,600 | $75,300 | 44.4% |
| University Of Michigan — Ann Arbor | $156,100 | $68,700 | 44.0% |
| Georgetown University | $195,100 | $84,400 | 43.3% |
| Northwestern University | $168,500 | $72,600 | 43.1% |
| Boston College | $168,400 | $71,800 | 42.6% |
| Princeton University | $218,100 | $90,700 | 41.6% |
| Dartmouth College | $185,500 | $76,600 | 41.3% |
| Tufts University | $187,900 | $73,100 | 38.9% |
| Emory University | $175,700 | $67,800 | 38.6% |
| University Of Richmond | $180,600 | $69,600 | 38.5% |
| Pomona College | $161,600 | $62,000 | 38.4% |
| Amherst College | $181,300 | $69,300 | 38.2% |
| Yale University | $199,700 | $76,000 | 38.1% |
| Trinity University | $153,200 | $58,100 | 37.9% |
| Washington University In St. Louis | $180,200 | $67,500 | 37.5% |
| Wake Forest University | $191,500 | $71,500 | 37.3% |
| Vanderbilt University | $197,900 | $72,800 | 36.8% |
| Hamilton College | $164,600 | $60,300 | 36.6% |
| Franklin & Marshall College | $162,900 | $57,800 | 35.5% |
| Washington And Lee University | $226,700 | $78,200 | 34.5% |
| Bowdoin College | $177,600 | $61,000 | 34.3% |
| Colgate University | $208,900 | $71,500 | 34.2% |
| Wesleyan University | $165,300 | $56,500 | 34.2% |
| Williams College | $184,000 | $62,600 | 34.0% |
| Carleton College | $152,000 | $51,700 | 34.0% |
| Trinity College of Hartford, CT | $198,000 | $67,300 | 34.0% |
| Brown University | $197,000 | $66,900 | 34.0% |
| Haverford College | $174,200 | $57,200 | 32.8% |
| Connecticut College | $170,500 | $55,500 | 32.6% |
| Rhodes College | $164,400 | $52,000 | 31.6% |
| Bates College | $176,900 | $55,900 | 31.6% |
| Southern Methodist University | $176,400 | $55,400 | 31.4% |
| Furman University | $156,700 | $48,100 | 30.7% |
| Davidson College | $208,500 | $60,300 | 28.9% |
| Kenyon College | $168,400 | $48,000 | 28.5% |
| Colby College | $208,700 | $59,200 | 28.4% |
| Colorado College | $154,600 | $43,600 | 28.2% |
| Middlebury College | $219,600 | $61,800 | 28.1% |
| Skidmore College | $175,400 | $47,500 | 27.1% |
| University Of The South | $174,200 | $46,600 | 26.8% |
| Yeshiva University | $180,100 | $46,400 | 25.8% |
| Landmark College | $179,000 | $21,700 | 12.1% |
And here are colleges with parents making six figures that do the worst job of getting the child back close to six figures:
| name | Parent median income | Child median income | ratio |
| Landmark College | $179,000 | $21,700 | 12% |
| Lynn University | $149,800 | $28,300 | 19% |
| School Of The Museum Of Fine Arts | $109,600 | $25,000 | 23% |
| Warren Wilson College | $104,100 | $23,800 | 23% |
| Berklee College Of Music | $119,300 | $27,400 | 23% |
| California Institute Of The Arts | $108,700 | $25,300 | 23% |
| Sarah Lawrence College | $146,500 | $34,300 | 23% |
| School Of The Art Institute Of Chicago | $105,800 | $25,500 | 24% |
| Yeshiva University | $180,100 | $46,400 | 26% |
| Hampshire College | $119,300 | $31,200 | 26% |
| Bard College | $117,900 | $30,900 | 26% |
| Rhode Island School Of Design | $142,800 | $37,800 | 26% |
| Maryland Institute College Of Art | $117,100 | $31,300 | 27% |
| University Of The South | $174,200 | $46,600 | 27% |
| Evergreen State College | $100,200 | $27,000 | 27% |
| Skidmore College | $175,400 | $47,500 | 27% |
| Brigham Young University | $119,600 | $32,600 | 27% |
| Middlebury College | $219,600 | $61,800 | 28% |
| Savannah College Of Art And Design | $114,900 | $32,400 | 28% |
| Colorado College | $154,600 | $43,600 | 28% |
| Colby College | $208,700 | $59,200 | 28% |
| Kenyon College | $168,400 | $48,000 | 29% |
| University Of The Arts | $100,600 | $28,700 | 29% |
| Franciscan University Of Steubenville | $102,500 | $29,500 | 29% |
| Davidson College | $208,500 | $60,300 | 29% |
| Marymount California University | $104,900 | $31,300 | 30% |
| University Of North Carolina School Of The Arts | $106,800 | $32,000 | 30% |
| Reed College | $121,900 | $36,900 | 30% |
| Oberlin College | $127,100 | $38,900 | 31% |
| Reinhardt University | $101,500 | $31,100 | 31% |
| Furman University | $156,700 | $48,100 | 31% |
| Saddleback College | $100,600 | $31,100 | 31% |
| St. John’s College | $110,900 | $34,500 | 31% |
| Samford University | $131,000 | $40,800 | 31% |
| Truett Mcconnell College | $103,100 | $32,200 | 31% |
| Southern Methodist University | $176,400 | $55,400 | 31% |
| Bates College | $176,900 | $55,900 | 32% |
| Rhodes College | $164,400 | $52,000 | 32% |
| Vassar College | $145,100 | $46,000 | 32% |
| Wheaton College of Wheaton, IL | $130,900 | $41,500 | 32% |
| Elon University | $146,000 | $47,300 | 32% |
| Belmont University | $116,700 | $37,900 | 32% |
| Connecticut College | $170,500 | $55,500 | 33% |
| William Peace University | $105,900 | $34,700 | 33% |
| Haverford College | $174,200 | $57,200 | 33% |
| Hollins University | $110,700 | $36,400 | 33% |
| Meredith College | $107,700 | $35,500 | 33% |
| Pitzer College | $131,900 | $43,500 | 33% |
| Saint Mary’s College | $130,600 | $43,100 | 33% |
| College Of Charleston | $119,500 | $39,900 | 33% |
And here is some more Chetty data: top 100 colleges for patents per capita among his sample of younger alumni:
| College | Alumni | total_patents | Patents per cap |
| California Institute Of Technology | 861 | 280 | 0.33 |
| Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | 3919 | 1058 | 0.27 |
| Harvey Mudd College | 733 | 190 | 0.26 |
| College For Creative Studies (Detroit) | 498 | 123 | 0.25 |
| Stanford University | 6755 | 1309 | 0.19 |
| Milwaukee Institute Of Art & Design | 640 | 124 | 0.19 |
| Carnegie Mellon University | 4651 | 837 | 0.18 |
| Kettering University | 2365 | 393 | 0.17 |
| Illinois Institute Of Technology | 1082 | 158 | 0.15 |
| Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | 4724 | 588 | 0.12 |
| Cooper Union For The Advancement Of Science & Art | 788 | 96 | 0.12 |
| Rhode Island School Of Design | 1421 | 154 | 0.11 |
| Clarkson University | 2548 | 274 | 0.11 |
| Colorado School Of Mines | 2433 | 246 | 0.10 |
| Rose — Hulman Institute Of Technology | 688 | 64 | 0.09 |
| Worcester Polytechnic Institute | 1810 | 164 | 0.09 |
| Dartmouth College | 4505 | 369 | 0.08 |
| Case Western Reserve University | 3304 | 266 | 0.08 |
| Michigan Technological University | 5039 | 405 | 0.08 |
| Lawrence Technological University | 1263 | 89 | 0.07 |
| Milwaukee School Of Engineering | 1755 | 122 | 0.07 |
| Georgia Institute Of Technology | 9706 | 666 | 0.07 |
| Rochester Institute Of Technology | 7410 | 481 | 0.06 |
| Princeton University | 4508 | 278 | 0.06 |
| Harvard University | 6819 | 386 | 0.06 |
| Philadelphia University | 2405 | 129 | 0.05 |
| Cornell University | 13161 | 664 | 0.05 |
| University Of California, Berkeley | 19443 | 919 | 0.05 |
| Lehigh University | 4628 | 216 | 0.05 |
| Rice University | 3066 | 143 | 0.05 |
| Letourneau University | 1191 | 50 | 0.04 |
| University Of Michigan — Ann Arbor | 23437 | 972 | 0.04 |
| Stevens Institute Of Technology | 1344 | 55 | 0.04 |
| Wentworth Institute Of Technology | 2972 | 120 | 0.04 |
| Duke University | 7027 | 269 | 0.04 |
| Florida Institute Of Technology | 1685 | 62 | 0.04 |
| University Of Rochester | 4321 | 157 | 0.04 |
| New Mexico Institute Of Mining & Technology | 661 | 24 | 0.04 |
| Washington University In St. Louis | 6277 | 227 | 0.04 |
| California Polytechnic State University | 13986 | 501 | 0.04 |
| Johns Hopkins University | 4247 | 147 | 0.03 |
| Alfred University | 2044 | 70 | 0.03 |
| Savannah College Of Art And Design | 4675 | 160 | 0.03 |
| North Carolina State University | 18534 | 622 | 0.03 |
| Yale University | 5183 | 173 | 0.03 |
| Oregon Institute Of Technology | 1354 | 45 | 0.03 |
| Brown University | 5998 | 195 | 0.03 |
| University Of California, San Diego | 15391 | 497 | 0.03 |
| Pratt Institute | 2241 | 72 | 0.03 |
| Northeastern University | 11878 | 380 | 0.03 |
| Northwestern University | 8027 | 256 | 0.03 |
| New School, The | 2691 | 79 | 0.03 |
| Iowa State University Of Science & Technology | 19581 | 573 | 0.03 |
| Purdue University | 41852 | 1167 | 0.03 |
| University Of Washington System | 22467 | 613 | 0.03 |
| Columbia University In The City Of New York | 5529 | 149 | 0.03 |
| Claremont Mckenna College | 1175 | 31 | 0.03 |
| University Of Cincinnati | 23911 | 619 | 0.03 |
| Bradley University | 5040 | 128 | 0.03 |
| University Of Notre Dame | 9280 | 234 | 0.03 |
| Grinnell College | 1479 | 35 | 0.02 |
| Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University | 21219 | 499 | 0.02 |
| Bowdoin College | 1836 | 41 | 0.02 |
| Pomona College | 1555 | 33 | 0.02 |
| Art Institute Of Fort Lauderdale | 2237 | 47 | 0.02 |
| University Of Michigan — Dearborn | 3053 | 64 | 0.02 |
| University Of Pennsylvania | 9653 | 201 | 0.02 |
| University Of Evansville | 2368 | 48 | 0.02 |
| Bucknell University | 3759 | 76 | 0.02 |
| Lafayette College | 2303 | 46 | 0.02 |
| Swarthmore College | 1408 | 28 | 0.02 |
| Christian Brothers University | 1058 | 21 | 0.02 |
| Western Washington University | 10996 | 218 | 0.02 |
| Michigan State University | 32656 | 640 | 0.02 |
| University Of Detroit Mercy | 1600 | 31 | 0.02 |
| Vanderbilt University | 6817 | 132 | 0.02 |
| Trinity University | 2686 | 49 | 0.02 |
| Seattle University | 2583 | 47 | 0.02 |
| Tufts University | 4963 | 89 | 0.02 |
| University Of California, Santa Barbara | 15825 | 280 | 0.02 |
| University Of California, Los Angeles | 20325 | 354 | 0.02 |
| North Dakota State University — Main Campus — Fargo | 8597 | 149 | 0.02 |
| University Of Southern California | 13653 | 229 | 0.02 |
| College Of Wooster | 2147 | 36 | 0.02 |
| University Of Dayton | 7419 | 123 | 0.02 |
| University Of Colorado System | 31081 | 513 | 0.02 |
| Whitman College | 1666 | 27 | 0.02 |
| Western New England University | 2415 | 39 | 0.02 |
| Wellesley College | 2298 | 37 | 0.02 |
| Boston University | 15311 | 246 | 0.02 |
| Marquette University | 7675 | 123 | 0.02 |
| California State Polytechnic University, Pomona | 9572 | 151 | 0.02 |
| Marist College | 4248 | 65 | 0.02 |
| Brigham Young University | 28861 | 441 | 0.02 |
| University Of Saint Thomas of Saint Paul, MN | 4941 | 75 | 0.02 |
| University Of Virginia | 13592 | 206 | 0.02 |
| Montana State University Bozeman | 9221 | 139 | 0.02 |
| Gustavus Adolphus College | 2854 | 43 | 0.02 |
| DePauw University | 2537 | 38 | 0.01 |
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